2015中考英语复习：主谓一致

　　主谓一致是指：

　　1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

　　2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

　　3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

　　一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：

　　There is much water in the thermos.

　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

　　英语句子中，谓语动词必须同主语的人称和数一致，这是英语学习者众所周知的，也是各项英语统考中的一个考查要点。然而在实际运用中，因无法确定主语是单数还是复数，造成主谓不一致的情况时有发生。为此本文对主谓一致关系中的几个规律作一归纳。

　　1．以单数名词，不可数名词，动词不定式短语，动名词或从句作主语等，谓语动词一般用单数；主语为复数名词，“the ＋形容词”，“few”，“both”，“few of ＋名词复数”，“both of＋名词复数”等，谓语用复数。

　　Few people have seen such splendid streets.

　　In this country，the old are well cared for and the young well educated.

　　2．由with，along with，like，accompanied by，except，besides，as well as，together with，in addition to，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等引起的结构跟在主语后面，该主语不受这些修饰词的影响。

　　The teacher，as well as a number of students，was asked to attend the party.

　　Her brother no less than you is wrong.(跟你一样，她哥哥错了。)

　　3．由and或both．．．and．．．连接的并列主语其谓语一般用复数，但要注意下列情况：

　　1)当and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一事或同一概念时，and后面那个名词前没有冠词，这时谓语动词用单数。

　　My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.

　　(我最好的朋友兼顾问又改变了他的主意。)

　　If law and order is not preserved，neither the citizen nor his property is safe.

　　(如果不维护法律和秩序，公民的人身和财产都不安全。)

　　2)用and连接的单数名词，前面有each， every，many a，no修饰语时，谓语要用单数。

　　Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

　　No teacher and no student is admitted.

　　3)“名词+and+not+名词”或者“名词，+not+名词”组成的主语，其谓语动词的人称和数应与前面的名词一致。

　　The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall.

　　I, not you, am to blame.(=I am to blame，not you.)

　　4．不同人称同位，谓语动词与第一个人称一致。

　　I, your teacher, have granted you a request.

　　5．主语由连词：or，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，not only．．．but（also）等连接的两个名词或代词组成，其谓语动词应与毗邻的名词一致。

　　Either John or his sisters are to blame.

　　Not only the children，but also the mother is ill.

　　6．集合名词people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。有些集合名词如： army，class，club，committee，crowd， crew ，family，gang，herd, jury，public， majority，minority，team，congress，assembly，band等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如强调个体，谓语动词用复数。

　　Extra police are needed here.

　　The majority were(was)in favour of the proposal.

　　注意：“the majority of”后只能跟复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The majority of boys like playing football.

　　7．有些名词总是以复数形式出现，使用复数形式的谓语动词。这类名词有clothes， goods，trousers，pants，scissors，spectacles，remains，wages，thanks等。

　　Her clothes are made by herself.

　　8．有些名词形式为复数，意义为单数，作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类名词有以-s结尾的表示学科、专业、疾病等术语及其他名词。如：economics，linguistics， physics，measles（麻疹），mathematics，news，works，brains（智慧）etc．

　　Politics is more difficult than physics.

　　注意：有的以-ics结尾的名词表示具体意义时，谓语用复数。What are your politics?(你的政见如何?)

　　9．有些复数形式的名词，如：means， headquarters，odds，amends（赔偿），pains， tidings（消息）单复数相同，作主语时，谓语要酌情而定。

　　All possible means have been adopted.

　　Great pains have(has)been taken.(费了很大的劲。)

　　10．表示重量，度量，衡量，价值，时间的复数名词或短语作主语，谓语常用单数。

　　Fifteen minutes seems a long time for one who waits.

　　A hundred and thirty dollars is a reasonable price for that fur coat.

　　11．书名，报刊名，地名，国名，建筑物和机构的名称即使以复数形式出现，谓语动词也要用单数。

　　New York Times reports that at the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims，including 33 women and children，were killed.

　　The United States is in North America.

　　12．定语从句的谓语应与先行词一致。

　　Roy is among the athletes who have competed in the Olympics.

　　注意：当“one +of +名词的复数”在关系代词前时，要非常小心。

　　Hill is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.在被选为小组代表成员的人中，希尔是其中之一。

　　He is the only one of the boys who knows the secret.在男孩中，他是唯一知道这个秘密的人。

　　13．“more（less）than ＋数词”短语作主语，谓语可用单数也可用复数，视情况而定。

　　More than one has found it so.

　　There was less than sixty there .(着重指抽象的数目)

　　There were fewer than sixty there.(暗示具体的事物)

　　14．“（the）part of ＋n．”作主语，谓语用单数，但强调个体时用复数。

　　The greatest part of these years was spent on study.

　　The greatest part of the population are illiterate.

　　15．“a pair of ＋名词复数（gloves／ shoes／socks／scissors／trousers，etc．）”，“the number of ＋名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　A pair of scissors has been bought.

　　The number of students was small.

　　而“a couple of/a score of/dozen of/ a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。

　　A couple of rabbits have been caught.

　　A number of students were sick.

　　16．“all（some，none，most）of．．．”“the rest”作主语，要酌情而定，谓语既可用单数又可用复数。

　　None of the passengers were aware of the danger.(侧重全体)

　　None of my friends has ever been to Paris.(侧重个体)

　　17．“one or two ＋名词复数”，“one or m ore ＋名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。“a＋单数名词or two”作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。

　　There are one or two subjects to choose.

　　Only a word or two is(are)needed here.