2016中考英语：重点单词、短语用法大总结(一)

　　◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费

　　花费时间做某事：It takes sbsometime to do sth.=sb spend sometime（in）doing sth.=sb spend some time on sth.

　　某人花钱买某物： sb spendsome money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sthcost sb . some money .

　　※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。

　　※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?

　　The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . =I_______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .

　　He spent lots of money ________ themobilephone .

　　It ________ her 20 minutes to go homeeveryday . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .

　　◆2 . thanks for为…而感谢

　　⑴ ______inviting me to your birthday party .

　　thanks to 多亏/由于

　　⑵______ your help.I got good grades .

　　◆3 . 感叹句：多么… what + 名词

　　how + 形容词 / 副词

　　⑴. ______ badweather ！⑵. ______ hard he works ！

　　⑶. ______ freshvegetables ！ ⑷. ______ cuteamonkey it is ！

　　◆4 . 因为、由于： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )

　　because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to

　　⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .

　　He was late for class ______ the badweather.

　　He can’t come _____ heisill .

　　Many people have a cold _____ thecoldweather .

　　※because和 so不能同时连用 .

　　◆5 . 来自： be from = come from

　　⑴ Where areyou from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?

　　⑵ He is fromTibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .

　　◆6 . How often 对频率提问（ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语

　　How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语

　　How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段

　　How far 询问多长距离（多长）

　　⑴- ______ haveyou been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .

　　⑵- ______ do yougo shopping ? -Sometimes.

　　⑶ - ______will your father come back ? - In two years .

　　⑷- _____ do youexercise ? - Once a week .

　　⑸- _____ is itfrom your home to school ? - About ten miles .

　　⑹- _____ are youstaying there ? - Two weeks .

　　◆7 . 乘交通工具： take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语

　　by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语

　　交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…

　　⑴ He takes abus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes tobank on a bus .

　　⑵ I walk toschool . = I go to school ______ .

　　※骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey inone’s car

　　◆8 . 对不起： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话）

　　Sorry ( 表示道歉 )

　　⑴ ______.Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?

　　⑵–Would you mindcleaning your room ? - ______ . I’ll do itrightaway .

　　⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .

　　⑷ _____ , isthis the way to the station ?

　　◆9 . 声音： sound ( 自然界各种声音 )

　　noise（噪音）

　　voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）

　　⑴Lucy has a sweet______ . ⑵That ______ like agood idea .

　　⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping .

　　◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像… )

　　be like （ 性格像… ）

　　⑴Lily _____ _____Lucy . Oh , they are twins .

　　⑵ Tony______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .

　　◆11 . take… to …带去

　　bring…to …带来

　　fetch 没有方向性（强调来回）

　　⑴ Tony .______ the ball here .Please .

　　⑵ My fatheroften ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .

　　⑶ ______your homework _____ school tomorrow .

　　◆12. 一些： some 用于肯定句

　　any 用于否定句和疑问句

　　⑴ I’d like ______ milk .

　　⑵–Would you like______ yogurt ?

　　_ Thanks . I don’t want______ .

　　※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some .

　　◆13. 多少： How many修饰可数名词复数

　　How much 修饰不可数名词

　　⑴ ______juice do you want ? ⑵ ______apples doyou want ?

　　⑶- ______is theT-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan .

　　※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ?

　　◆14．看 ：see 强调看的结果

　　look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作

　　watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影

　　read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志

　　⑴Don’t______ in bed .

　　⑵ We will______ a basketball game this evening .

　　⑶ Please ______the blackboard . Everyone .

　　⑷ I ______ abird in the tree yesterday .

　　※On Saturdaynight . I saw an interesting talk show .

　　On Saturday evening . several kidswatcheda movie . watch a movie =go to a movie

　　◆15. stop doingsth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking.

　　stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事

　　⑴ The girlsoon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ Hewastired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .

　　◆16. forget /remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：

　　△forget /remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→ Heforgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post officeafter school .

　　forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：

　　△forget /remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→ Heforgot turningoff the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you rememberseeing the man before ?

　　◆17. 到达… reach + 地点

　　get to + 地点 reach = get to

　　arrive + in + 大地点

　　arrive + at + 小地点

　　⑴ He reachedLondon yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . =He ______ in Londonyesterday .

　　⑵ Shearrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ Youshould______ ( get ) home on time .

　　※当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to

　　◆18. 擅长，在…方面做得好： be good at = do well in .

　　⑴ She isgood at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .

　　⑵ Niuniu isgood at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in______ the violin .

　　⑶ Lucy andLily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing thanLily .but Lily ___________ in singing than Lucy .

　　◆19. win （赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize

　　beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。

　　⑴ Which team______ the football match ?

　　⑵ Wang Hao______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .

　　◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb .sth 向某人借某物→borrow借入

　　lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出

　　keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。

　　⑴ Can youlend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?

　　⑵ You canborrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrowyourbrother ____ ____.

　　⑶ - How longcan I ______ the book ?

　　- You can _____ it for two weeks .

　　※类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be

　　leave — be away from open — be openbegin — be on

　　die — be deadreturn — be back

　　① become Hehas ______ a doctor .

　　He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .

　　② begin Thefilm has ______ .

　　The film has _________ for ten minutes .

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